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Eye Tracking

Sands Research · Gaze Analysis · Visual Attention Studies
About This Research

What is Eye Tracking?

The variety of digital devices available presents advertisers with an abundance of marketing platforms. Sands Research ran studies on selected devices in order to determine the effects that scale, luminosity, and volume have on product presentation.

The use of eye tracking data is common in digital media studies. However, Sands Research added a real-time interpretation of the brain response to a specific instant in a recording, to interpret why a subject is looking at a target. Correlating EEG and eye tracking data allows for a time-locked analysis of how consumer interaction plays into the perception of visual media and retail environments. By utilizing traditional methods in advertising research alongside brain response, Sands Research was able to deliver unparalleled accuracy in measuring actual consumer experience.

On websites, for instance, heat maps reveal the "Inverted L" — a well-known and identified pattern in eye movement that web designers and developers commonly utilize. In addition to this information, Sands Research also evaluated how much effortful processing was necessary for an individual to interpret what it sees. A more accurate measure, using Sands Research proprietary brain imaging software, is the measurement of activity in the orbital frontal lobe.

Two industry-leading systems were used across studies: SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments, Germany) for lab-based studies requiring maximum precision, and Arrington Research ViewPoint (USA) for mobile solutions and naturalistic environments. Both were synchronized via trigger pulse to the 68-channel Neuroscan EEG recording, enabling frame-accurate alignment of gaze position with cortical source reconstructions computed using Curry software.

500 Hz
SMI Sample Rate
0.5°
Spatial Accuracy
68-ch
Simultaneous EEG
2
SMI + Arrington Systems

How It Works

Methodology

Each participant wore a 68-channel EEG cap while seated in front of a calibrated eye tracking display. Stimuli — commercials, print ads, or web pages — were presented in a controlled environment while both gaze position and neural activity were recorded simultaneously and synchronized to a common clock.

STEP 01
Participant Setup
68-channel EEG cap applied and impedances verified. Eye tracker calibrated to each participant's gaze using a 9-point grid. Both systems synchronized via trigger pulse.
STEP 02
Stimulus Presentation
Stimuli presented on a calibrated monitor at a fixed viewing distance. Commercials played in randomized order with inter-stimulus rest periods to allow neural baseline recovery.
STEP 03
Gaze Recording
SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments, Germany) or Arrington Research ViewPoint (USA) infrared eye trackers recorded fixation position, saccade velocity, and pupil diameter. Fixations defined as gaze dwelling within 1° of visual angle for ≥100 ms.
STEP 04
EEG Cortical Source Analysis
Concurrent EEG slow potentials analyzed using Curry source analysis (Compumedics Neuroscan), projecting scalp activity onto a cortical surface to estimate underlying neural generators.
STEP 05
Fixation–NEF Correlation
Gaze fixation timestamps synchronized with NEF time series. Fixation density maps generated per stimulus frame, revealing which visual elements drove peak neural engagement.
STEP 06
Heat Map Generation
Fixation density rendered as color-coded heat maps overlaid on each stimulus frame — red indicating highest gaze concentration, blue indicating lower density — averaged across all participants.

Equipment

Eye Tracking Systems Used

Sands Research used two industry-leading eye tracking systems across its neuromarketing studies, each selected for specific recording environments and study requirements.

GERMANY
SMI — SensoMotoric Instruments
High-speed binocular eye tracking with sub-degree spatial accuracy. Used for controlled laboratory studies requiring maximum precision and high sample rates. SMI systems provided the gaze data for Sands Research's Super Bowl commercial analyses.

Note: SMI was acquired by Apple Inc. in 2017 and its research products were subsequently discontinued.
USA
Arrington Research — ViewPoint
Flexible remote and head-mounted infrared gaze recording for a range of stimulus environments — from desktop web studies to naturalistic settings. The ViewPoint system's versatility made it ideal for website and print advertisement analyses, and was also deployed in mobile studies where participants viewed stimuli on handheld devices or in real-world environments outside the laboratory.

arringtonresearch.com ↗

Gaze Overlay Videos

Visual Attention in Motion

The videos below show gaze overlay recordings — each participant's fixation point rendered as a moving dot, with a heat map building in real time as fixations accumulate across the group. The synchronized EEG NEF trace appears below the stimulus, showing when neural engagement peaks align with high-fixation moments.

View examples of Eye Tracking output:

Heat Map Demo ↗ Scan Path Demo ↗ Areas of Interest Demo ↗

Key Findings

Study Results

Across Super Bowl studies from 2008 to 2013, eye tracking data consistently revealed that the highest-ranked ads shared specific visual attention patterns — not just in what viewers looked at, but when. The findings below represent selected key results from Sands Research gaze analysis studies.

Super Bowl Studies · 2008–2013
Face Fixation & Neural Engagement
Ads with early close-up faces generated 40% higher fixation density in the first 3 seconds — and correspondingly elevated NEF scores — compared to ads opening on product or landscape shots.
+40% fixation density on face-forward openings
Super Bowl Studies · 2008–2013
Gaze–NEF Peak Alignment
In top-5 ranked ads, gaze fixation peaks and NEF spikes were aligned within 200 ms of each other in over 80% of identified peak moments — evidence that neural engagement closely follows visual attention.
80% gaze–NEF peak alignment in top-ranked ads
Super Bowl Studies · 2008–2013
Product Reveal Timing
Ads that delayed product reveal until the final third of the spot generated significantly higher fixation density at reveal — and higher overall NEF scores — than ads leading with the product.
Late product reveal correlates with peak fixation
Super Bowl Studies · 2008–2013
Motion & Saccade Frequency
High-motion scenes (rapid cuts, tracking shots) generated higher saccade frequency but lower fixation duration per point — suggesting visual scanning without deep processing. Slower, high-contrast scenes yielded longer fixations and stronger cortical source activation.
Slow high-contrast scenes = deeper fixation

Fixation Maps

Where People Look

Fixation density maps aggregate gaze data across all participants, revealing the collective visual attention pattern for each stimulus frame. Upload your fixation map images below to replace the placeholders.

Add Fixation Map
[Ad Title · Frame]Peak fixation zone description
Add Fixation Map
[Ad Title · Frame]Peak fixation zone description
Add Fixation Map
[Ad Title · Frame]Peak fixation zone description
Add Fixation Map
[Ad Title · Frame]Peak fixation zone description
Add Fixation Map
[Ad Title · Frame]Peak fixation zone description
Add Fixation Map
[Ad Title · Frame]Peak fixation zone description
Add Fixation Map
[Ad Title · Frame]Peak fixation zone description
Add Fixation Map
[Ad Title · Frame]Peak fixation zone description